Free download riddle garden english patch Files at Software Informer. Patch Maker can help you create update patches for existing applications. Homestead Gardens is committed to building a community of gardeners devoted to preserving and. HGIC 2. 20. 3 Cabbage, Broccoli & Other Cole Crop Insect Pests. South Carolina. Pesticides updated by Joey Williamson, HGIC Horticulture Extension Agent, 1. Revised by Joey Williamson, HGIC Horticulture Extension Agent., 0. Originally prepared by Randall P. Griffin, Extension Entomologist (Emeritus), Clemson University. Images added Zachary Boone Snipes by 0. HGIC 2. 20. 3Printer Friendly Version (PDF)Aphids. Two primary species of aphids (plant lice) attack cole crops: the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) and the turnip aphid (Lipaphis erysimi). Because they are similar in life habits and response to treatments, they will be considered together.
Plants in all stages of growth are frequently covered with dense clusters of whitish- green plant lice. Each is about the size of a pinhead. They suck plant sap from the leaf. The a- ffected leaves curl and crinkle or form cups, completely lined with the aphids. In severe infestations, the plants wilt and die. The plants, if not killed, are dwarfed, grow slowly and form small light heads. Badly infested plants become covered with a mass of the small soggy aphids, and the dying leaves and plants rapidly decay. Cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae). Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, www. Aphids are more troublesome during cool, dry weather. Because these pests are difficult to control, treatments should be applied early. On a smaller scale, as in a vegetable garden, spray foliage with soapy water, then rinse with clear water or use insecticidal soaps. Planting in aluminum foil- covered beds and filling yellow pans with water to trap the aphids are both helpful as control measures. Turnip aphids (Lipaphis erysimi). The large, swollen aphids have been parasitized by beneficial insects. Alton N. Sparks, Jr., University of Georgia, www. On a larger scale, two or three insecticide treatments at five- day intervals may be needed to clean up plants. When 2 percent of the plants are infested with aphids, an insecticide application should be made with high spray volume and adequate pressure to thoroughly wet foliage. Because of the waxy powder that covers the bodies of the aphids and the tendency of leaves to form pockets or cups which protect aphids, it is essential to add spreader- stickers (liquid detergent, which breaks the surface tension of the spray droplets) to the spray mix. Destroy old stalks of cabbage as soon as the crop is harvested to help prevent destructive outbreaks of these aphids. Cabbage Looper. The cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) is a very destructive and difficult- to- control pest of cabbage and other cole crops. It is the larva (an immature insect stage that in this case is a caterpillar) of a medium- sized grayish brown moth. The moths have a figure- 8- shaped silver spot near the middle of each of the front wings. They have a wingspread of 1. The moths are most active at night and fly about at plant height while they are laying eggs. Cabbage looper larva (Trichoplusia ni) and feeding damage. David Cappaert, Michigan State University, www. The moths lay their greenish- white eggs singly and mainly on the lower surfaces of the outer leaves of the plants. The eggs are smaller than a pinhead, ridged and almost round. Newly hatched larvae (caterpillars) have dark heads and almost clear bodies. They later become pale green and have several white lengthwise stripes. Mature larvae are about 1. They move with a looping motion, like an inchworm. Newly hatched larvae usually eat out small areas on the undersides of leaves. As they grow, they move to the center of the plant, eating through the leaves between the veins. Large larvae are heavy feeders and may cause serious damage to cabbage heads especially when numerous. Damage, however, may at times be restricted to wrapper leaves. In a vegetable garden, you can handpick the caterpillars. Bacillusthuringiensis (B. Control of Cole Crop Insects section) works very well. The larvae or caterpillars do not die immediately, but they stop feeding shortly after ingesting B. The moths have a wingspread of a little more than . When disturbed in the field, moths make short, erratic flights and come to rest quickly among the leaves of a plant or on the ground, where their color blends with that of the soil. Cabbage webworm (Hellula rogatalis) showing lengthwise stripes. Alton N. Sparks, Jr., University of Georgia, www. Moths lay grayish- white eggs near the buds of young host plants. As the plants mature, moths begin to lay their eggs on the underside of leaves in the angle along the leaf stems. Larval webworms are about . They are dull, grayish yellow and marked with five conspicuous brownish- purple lengthwise stripes. Their heads are black and bear a V- shaped mark. When they first hatch, larvae feed on either side of the partly folded leaves of the plant buds. After a few days, they begin to feed beneath a protective web made from silk- like threads that they form. Sometimes the larvae are found on the outer leaves or in the angle between the main plant stalk and the leaf. They can be detected by debris and webs at the point of feeding. Cabbage webworms tunnel into and kill the buds of young plants. Destruction of the original bud causes the production of secondary buds that cannot mature by harvest- time. Less severe injury may disfigure the head produced from the original bud. Feeding on the outer leaves of older plants usually does little harm. Treatments applied for other pests usually keep the webworm under control. Cross- Striped Cabbageworm. The moth of the cross- striped cabbageworm (Evergestis rimosalis) has a wingspread of about 1 inch (2. The front wings are mottled yellowish- brown to brown and are marked with zigzag lines of dark brown. The rear wings are lighter, being almost transparent at the base, darker at the front and marked across the free end with a row of five or six small, indistinct dusky spots. Yellow striped cabbagworm larva (Evergestis rimosalis). Zachary Boone Snipes, . They are light yellow, semi- transparent and overlap one another as shingles on a roof. When first hatched, the larvae are gray. When full- grown, they are about 3/5 inch (1. Along each side of the back is a longitudinal black stripe and below that, a bright yellow stripe. The underside of the body is light green, mottled with yellow. Cross- striped cabbageworms prefer the tender terminal buds and the heads of cole crop plants and riddle them with holes. Eggs are laid in clusters, and large numbers of the larvae hatch on individual plants. In a vegetable garden, you can handpick the caterpillars. In addition, treatments made for other larvae generally keep these pests in check. Diamondback Moth Caterpillars. Diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella) are gray, about 1/3 inch (8. The males have three light yellow diamond- shaped markings on their wings. The moths move rapidly when disturbed. They fly short distances from plant to plant during the daytime. The moths lay eggs singly or in groups of two or three on the leaves. Eggs are small, nearly round and yellowish white. Life stages of the Diamondback moth larva (Plutella xylostella). Zachary Boone Snipes, . Their bodies are covered by tiny, erect black hairs. When mature they are about 1/3 inch (8. They wiggle rapidly when disturbed, often dropping from the plant and hanging by silk- like threads. The larvae feed on all parts of the plant but prefer places around the bud of a young plant, crevices between loose leaves of a firm head, and the undersides of wrapper leaves. Larvae will often not eat completely through the leaf, leaving tiny . Their feeding may disfigure the bud of a young plant so that the cabbage head will not develop properly. In a vegetable garden, control early infestations with Bacillusthuringiensis (see Control section) because it is not toxic to helpful insects. For larger plantings, after cupping (early head formation), apply insecticides when there is an average of one larva or one new hole per 1. Imported Cabbageworm. The imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae) is the larva (caterpillar) of a yellowish- white butterfly. The butterflies have several black spots on their wings and a wingspread of about 1 inch (2. They fly around cabbage plants during the day. The butterflies lay eggs singly on either side of the leaves. Eggs are yellow, oblong, bluntly pointed at the ends, deeply ridged lengthwise and attached to the leaf by one end. Imported cabbageworm larva (Pieris rapae). Zachary Boone Snipes, . They have a narrow orange stripe down the middle of the back and a yellowish stripe along each side of the body. When mature, larvae are about 1. Larvae are sluggish when disturbed. Imported cabbageworm damage is similar to cabbage looper injury. Imported cabbageworms feed near the center of plants and do more damage to the cabbage head. They do not limit feeding to areas between leaf veins, but chew through leaves indiscriminately. In a vegetable garden, Bacillus thuringiensis adequatelycontrols cabbageworms. Tiny parasitic wasps and predatory insects provide common natural controls. For larger plantings, after cupping (early head formation), apply insecticides when there is an average of one larva or one new hole per 1. Cabbage Maggot. Plants attacked by the cabbage maggot (Delia radicum) appear sickly, off- color and stunted. If the attack is severe, plants wilt suddenly during the heat of the day and die. Cabbage roots show brownish grooves over their surface and slimy winding channels running through the flesh. Damage caused by cabbage maggot (Delia radicum). Mary Ann Hansen, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, www. Many of the small fibrous roots are eaten off. Larvae of this insect are legless, white maggots from . They can often be found in the burrowed- out channels within the roots. Spring cabbage after transplanting and fall cabbage while still very young are the most severely injured by this insect. The adult stage of the cabbage maggot is a fly similar in general appearance to the common housefly but only about half as long (. Quilting Fabric, Moda Precuts, Quilt Kits & Patterns Online. 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